I would not try to fill in the weight pockets with any insulation.
Insulating window weight pockets.
Use a hammer and pry bar to carefully remove the wood trim from around the inside of the window exposing the sash weight pockets.
We use a router to grove the sides of the sash so that the sash can move along an interlocking metal track.
Use foil tape to seal the joint between the window jamb and foam insulation.
Cut strips of foil faced rigid foam insulation to fit into the weight pockets.
These houses typically have no water management details around windows doors which works while the wall is open but will cause issues with insulation.
That will address any issues with the weight pockets.
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Then cut strips of 2 foam board to fit into the wieght pocket where the weights used to be.
I restore these windows for a living.
I did this on several windows.
Check the fit of the brick molding.
Insulating window weight pockets i am not 100 sure that just removing the casing will reveal the cavity.
Stack strips to completely fill the void.
Remove exterior flat casing to reveal weight pocket.
This old house general contractor tom silva shows an energy efficient way to insulate old windows.
It may be be covered with lath and plaster as well which would open up another can of worms.